Atlasti title and abstract screening5/7/2023 ![]() The Attitude Scale Toward Inclusion was used to measure adults’ attitudes toward teaching students with disabilities with their peers in inclusive classrooms. From these schools 2,025 individuals volunteered to participate in this study. Four hundred fifty schools were selected randomly from all public schools in Sultanate Oman. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the attitudes of regular classroom teachers, special education teachers, principals, social workers, parents of students without disabilities and parents of students with disabilities towards inclusion of students with disabilities in the general school setting. We suggest that our “participatory action research” at the University of Pittsburgh is a prime example of what the early intervention field desires: Ideas that work! and have clear implications for enhancing research, policy, and practice We present multidimensional research on the quality, impact, and outcomes of IM for 135 school districts 1479 children, 1124 teachers (Pre-K-8 Years) over 10 years (2010- 2020). IM is, arguably, the longest, field-validated, teacher inclusion mentoring initiative in the special education and developmental disabilities fields conducted in “real-world” settings. ![]() “Include Me” (IM) was designed as a mentoring approach grounded in these evidence bases: Effective mentoring dimensions for teachers (9 active agents) and effective inclusion strategies for students with disabilities (9 active agents). Effective implementation of existing policies, improved security, strengthening of the health system through adequate budgetary allocations, and provision of infrastructure including regular availability of electricity are keys to surmounting the challenges and improving access to medicines or vaccines in Nigeria.The Arc of Pennsylvania was designated by the Pennsylvania Department of Education to spearhead a new statewide training initiative on inclusion for teachers of students with significant disabilities in regular classrooms. Conclusion Our study is a wake-up call on the need to prioritise the critical sector of the supply chain systems for medicines and vaccines in Nigeria. These challenges mostly resulted in stock-outs of essential medicines which notably got worsened during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Others included poor storage infrastructure, financial constraints, insecurity, transportation challenges, inadequate human resources, weak, or poorly implemented policies. Our findings implicate several factors including difficulty with medicines or vaccines selection, procurement, distribution, and inventory management. ![]() ![]() Results We searched relevant databases including Scopus and Web of Science for studies published between January 2005 and August 2020 on the challenges associated with medicines and vaccines supply chain systems in Nigeria. This scoping review aims to summarize the available evidence on the challenges of medicines and vaccines supply chain system in Nigeria. However, evidence suggests the system is confronted with several challenges in many low-medium income countries, including Nigeria. Abstract : Background Medicines and vaccines supply chains represent critical systems for realising one of the major targets of the United Nations' third Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)-access to safe, effective, quality, and affordable essential medicines and vaccines, for all. ![]()
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